FIFTH GRADE MATH VOCABULARY
Place value – the value assigned to the place that a digit occupies in a number
Expanded Notation-a method used to solve multiplication and division problems.
Rectangle Sections – a method used to solve multiplication and division problems
Partial Products – products of the smaller problems in the Rectangle Sections method of multiplying
Dividend – the number to be divided; the number of items
Divisor – the number that divides the dividend; the number of groups
Quotient – the number, not including the remainder, that results from dividing; the number of items in each group
Remainder – the amount left over when a number cannot be divided equally
Estimate – (noun) a number close to an exact amount; (verb) to make a thoughtful guess or to tell about how much or about how many
Thousandth: one part out of 1,000 equal parts of a whole; the position of the third digit to the right of the decimal point
Expanded Form – a way to write a number that shows the sum of the values of each digit in the number.
Equality - a statement that two expressions are equal
Inequality - a statement that two expressions are not equal
Place value: the value assigned to the place
Decimal number: a representation of a number using the numerals 0 to 9, in which each digit has a value 10 times the digit to its right. A dot or decimal point separates the whole-number part of the number on the left from the fractional part on the right.
Powers of Ten
Universal Vocabulary for Math Grades k-5
Addition: a mathematical operation that combines two or more numbers
Addend: a number to be added
Sum: the answer to an addition problem
Place Value: the value of a digit based on its position in a number
Subtract: to find the difference of two numbers
Difference: the answer to a subtraction problem
Show All Totals: A strategy in which students’ add by place value before combining the totals to find their answer.
Expanded Form: a number written to show the value of each of its digits
Number Line: a number line on which numbers are assigned to lengths
Subtraction: a mathematical operation on a sum and an addend, which can be called the difference
Strategy: a way to solve a problem
Round: To find the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, or some other place value.
Note: Rounding is a specific type of estimation. Make sure that students know that there are other ways of estimation (convenient numbers, benchmarks, etc.).
Quadrilateral- a figure with four sides
Parallelogram-a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel
Rhombus-a parallelogram with congruent sides
Rectangle- a parallelogram that has 4 right angles
Square-a rectangle with four sides of the same length
Quadrilateral: A quadrilateral is any four sided closed figure.
Trapezoid: A trapezoid has exactly one pair of parallel sides. (The exclusive definition states: A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides. With this definition, a parallelogram is not a trapezoid. North Carolina has adopted the exclusive definition)
Parallelogram: A parallelogram has 2 sets of parallel sides, 2 sets of congruent sides, opposite angles congruent, consecutive angles supplementary, diagonals bisect each other and the diagonals form 2 congruent triangles
Rectangle: The rectangle has all of the properties of the parallelogram, PLUS 4 right angles, and diagonals congruent
Rhombus: The rhombus has all of the properties of the parallelogram, PLUS 4 congruent sides, diagonals bisect angles, diagonals perpendicular
Square: The square has all of the properties of the parallelogram AND the rectangle AND the rhombus.
Properties of Multiplication:
Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide. Examples: If 6 × 4 = 24 is known, then 4 × 6 = 24 is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) 3 × 5 × 2 can be found by 3 × 5 = 15, then 15 × 2 = 30, or by 5 × 2 = 10, then 3 × 10 = 30. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that 8 × 5 = 40 and 8 × 2 = 16, one can find 8 × 7 as 8 × (5 + 2) = (8 × 5) + (8 × 2) = 40 + 16 = 56. (Distributive property.)
Patterns- Repetition that has at least 3 terms
Repeated Addition: Increasing by the same amount
array-an arrangement of objects, pictures, or numbers in columns and rows
row-a horizontal group of cells in a table
column-a vertical group of cells in a table
Equal groups- concept used in multiplication and division situations. 5x6=30. There are 5 equal groups of 6 items.
Commutative Property of Multiplication-Property which states that the order in which numbers are multiplied does not change the product. For all numbers a and b, a x b=b x a.
Division: the mathematical operation that separates an amount into smaller equal groups or the number in each group.
Strategy: a way to solve a problem
Quotient: the answer to a division problem
Fluency- Accurately, efficiently, and flexibly solving math facts
Factor- A number to be multiplied
Product- The solution to 2 or more factors that are multiplied
Divisor-The number that you divide by in division.
Dividend- The number that is divided in division.
Equal: Having the same value
Inequality: Made up of two quantities or expressions that are not equal
Balanced: To be equal or equivalent
Equation: A statement that two mathematical expressions are equal
Variable-A letter or a symbol that represents a number in an algebraic expression or equation
Balance- A scale for weighing
Balanced- To be equal or equivalent
Equation- A statement about a mathematical relationship that is either true or false
Distributive Property of Multiplication- The product of a factor and a sum (or difference) equals the sum (or difference) of the products. For all numbers a, b, and c.
Square Number- A product of a whole number and itself. 4×4=16, so 16 is a square number.
Associative property of multiplication- changing the grouping of factors does not change their product. Ex. 4 x (3x2)= (4x3) x 2
Estimation- A number close to an exact amount. “About how many or about how much”
Rounding – a form of estimating in which the number is changed to one with a more convenient value; ex. 547 rounded to the nearest 100 is 500 but rounded to the nearest 10 is 550 which is closer to the exact.
Compatible Numbers: - numbers that are close in value to the actual numbers and easy to add, subtract, multiply, or divide mentally. Numbers are combined to form 10, 50, or 100. Ex: 27 + 24, the numbers can be adjusted to 25 + 25 for an estimate of 50.
Axis- Two reference lines for a graph- 1 horizontal and 1 vertical.
Horizontal Axis- The reference line on a graph that runs left and right.
Horizontal Bar Graph- A graph that uses left and right bars to show data.
Scale- An arrangement of numbers in order with equal intervals.
Vertical Axis- The reference line on a graph that runs up and down.
Vertical Bar Graph- A graph that uses up and down bars to show data.